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critical consciousness
Critical consciousness, conscientization, or ''conscientização'' (Portuguese), is a popular education and social concept developed by Brazilian pedagogue and educational theorist Paulo Freire, grounded in post-Marxist critical theory. Critical consciousness focuses on achieving an in-depth understanding of the world, allowing for the perception and exposure of social and political contradictions. Critical consciousness also includes taking action against the oppressive elements in one's life that are illuminated by that understanding.〔Mustakova-Possardt, M (2003) ("Is there a roadmap to critical consciousness? Critical Consciousness: A Study of Morality in Global, Historical Context." ) ''One Country. 15''(2).〕
==Coinage==
The English term "conscientization" is a translation of the Portuguese term ''conscientização'', which is also translated as "consciousness raising" and "critical consciousness". The term was popularized by Brazilian educator, activist, and theorist Paulo Freire in his 1970 work ''Pedagogy of the Oppressed''. Freire was teaching the poor and illiterate members of Brazilian society to read at a time when literacy was a requirement for suffrage and dictators ruled many South American countries. The term originally derives from Frantz Fanon's coinage of a French term, ''conscienciser'', in his 1952 book, ''Black Skins, White Masks''.
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